Did you know about the four distinct giraffe species
Until recently, giraffes were widely recognized as a single species with several sub-species, but new findings now indicate there are four distinct giraffe species.
The findings, reported on May 5, 2021, in the peer-reviewed scientific journal, Current Biology, make a strong case for recognizing the four giraffe species. The report says this would be a major step in protecting each species, some of which are under great threat in the wild.
The researchers, who authored the study, point out that a consensus on the number of giraffe species was paramount incorrectly assessing their individual conservation status and afford each species adequate protection based on their level of threat on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.
The latest estimates by the Giraffe Conservation Foundation (GCF) show there are only 117,000 giraffes surviving in Africa. This leaves only one giraffe for every four African elephants in the wild. Giraffe numbers have dropped by almost 30 percent over the last three decades as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, poaching, disease, civil war, and climate change.
“However, it is important to note that numbers vary greatly between the four species as does the level of threat they face. Some giraffe species are in serious trouble while others are doing relatively well,” GCF adds in a statement.
The research group has collaboratively analyzed giraffe genetics for more than a decade; initially, to find out how similar or dissimilar giraffes in Africa were to each other.
“To put our results into perspective, the genetic differences between the distinct giraffe species are similar to those between polar and brown bears,” says Dr. Axel Janke, a geneticist at the Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre and Goethe University in Germany.
In the new study, the collaborative research team which included other experts from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and ITMO University, examined evidence taken from skin biopsies of a subset of more than 1,000 giraffes collected by the GCF and its partners throughout Africa over the last two decades.
The extensive sampling includes populations from all nine previously recognized giraffe subspecies, including remote locations and areas of civil unrest.
The new analysis confirms four highly distinct groups of giraffes, which seemingly do not mate with each other in the wild. The four species include the Maasai giraffe, the northern giraffe, the reticulated giraffe, and the southern giraffe.
Both southern and northern giraffes have two and three distinct subspecies, namely Angolan and South African giraffe for southern giraffe, and Kordofan, Nubian, and West African giraffe for the northern giraffe. It is likely that Zambia’s Luangwa giraffe is a subspecies of the Maasai giraffe. A more detailed analysis is still required along with other Maasai giraffes across their range in East Africa.
The researchers stress that the results have significant conservation implications, noting that similar to the recent IUCN Red List announcement of two species of the African elephant, it is important that giraffes get assessed separately for each species.
Giraffes as one species are currently listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, but separate assessments of each species would likely show three of the four species as endangered or critically endangered.
The director of GCF, Dr. Julian Fennessy, says: “We estimate that there are less than 6,000 northern giraffes remaining in the wild. Their numbers have declined by more than 90 percent in the last 35 years. As a species, they are one of the most threatened large mammals in the world and we need to urgently increase our protection efforts of this species before it is too late. The conservation implications of this genetic research are immense, and it would be ignorant to ignore these new findings. It’s time to act now!”
“Giraffe is assumed to have similar ecological requirements across their range,” he added, “but no one really knows, because this megafauna has been largely overlooked by science. More conservation research is urgently needed to help us understand more about giraffe ecology across their range.”
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Breeze Travel & Safari Unveils Breeze Beyond The Nest Campaign- Check Out Luxurious Destinations & Packages
In a bid to boost Uganda’s tourism industry, Breeze Travel & Safaris has launched a domestic tourism campaign dubbed ‘ Breeze Beyond The Nest’ aimed at luring both Ugandans and foreigners into exploring the well-endowed pearl of Africa as far as tourist sites and beautiful sceneries are concerned.
Uganda’s tourism industry has lagged behind despite the government efforts to promote it to the locals including hiring the good services of Ugandan celebrities to promote domestic tourism and here comes Breeze Travel and Safaris to bridge the gap.
- Murchison Falls National Park
In one of the trips, Breeze Travel& Safaris has organized for its loyal customers includes Murchison Falls National Park, where the local tourists will be treated to ‘expert-guided luxury retreats and tours including two nights and three days where tourists will have full board accommodation, park entrance fees, boat cruise, game drives to see animals and birds and yoga classes in addition to partying till late by a professional DJ who will be hired right from Kampala, with bottles of champagne but this not all, the tourists will also have a professional photographer, who will be in charge of putting all the memories together.
Re-known for the World’s natural habitat, Murchison falls is also known for its narrow gorge commonly Known as the ‘’Devil’s Calderon’’, with a breathtaking roar of the Victoria Nile, view a spectacular rainbow formed due to numerous light rays that hit the banks of the falls while it Bisects the Park into 2parts.
- Queen Elizabeth National Park
This is yet another memorable and unforgettable trip to the Queen Elizabeth National Park in the western part of Uganda and in the Kasese district to be precise and is known for wild animals including tree-climbing lions, elephants, buffaloes, hippos, and other wild animals in their natural habitat
Queen Elizabeth is also known for the Kazinga Channel, a natural channel between Lake Edward and Lake George and one of the dominant features which attracts a wide range of animals and birds with one of the world’s largest concentrations of hippos and the numerous Nile crocodiles
After the long day of touring around and a boat cruise, our tourists will definitely be treated to a cultural performance by the Bakonjo tribe including traditional dances and songs as they get ready for Dinner and overnight at the Fancy Mweya safari lodge.
- Lake Mburo National Park
With a variety of animals such as zebras, impala, buffaloes, and over three hundred (300) bird species, Lake Mburo National Park is the smallest of Uganda’s Savannah national parks. Lying in one part of Uganda covered in extensive acacia woodland, Mburo has markedly different fauna from other reserves.
Lake Mburo is the best place in the country to see the gigantic eland antelope, as well as zebra, impala, and several acacia-associated birds. The five lakes within the park attract hippos, crocodiles, and a variety of water birds, while fringing swamps hide secretive papyrus specialists such as the sitatunga antelope and red, black, and yellow papyrus gonoleks.
Breeze Travel and Safaris Ltd is one of the best tour specialists in Uganda with over 19 years of experience in the tours and travel industry with a record of over 100,000 visitors under their East African planned vacations with each trip customized to meet their individual needs ranging from choosing and inspecting each of its suppliers and partners carefully, utilizing only the most reputable firms in the industry.
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